The Science of Running (Answers Mysteries and Fixes Problems!)
Thursday was a running geek’s dream day. But it came with some CONCERNS.
After all, if you’re a running geek, running isn’t just running. It’s an obsessed hobby that requires its own wardrobe, food, thought and time. Lots of it. And Thursday, I got plenty of food for thought.
Memorial Hermann’s Ironman Institute offers human performance testing for runners, cyclists and triathletes - scientifically and medically uncovering the strengths and weaknesses of endurance athletes. I went through a battery of tests and found answers to some mysteries I had been content to let linger… mysteries that I and every runner need to address.
First up: resting metabolic rate. This test was conducted by nutritionist Penny Wilson. She had me sit quietly for a few minutes before the test began, since I had been fighting morning traffic into the Texas Medical Center. Then she had me breathe quietly into a mask that measured my intake and output. (Naturally, it’s challenging to breathe normally when all you’re doing is thinking about your breathing and you’re doing it into a mask.)
The end result: on my couch potato days (I don’t have many of those), I burn about 1700 calories a day.
Next: body composition analysis. The team had me get into a swimsuit. They weighed me (123 pounds) and then had me step into a pool of bathtub-warm water. I sat in a swing in the pool and on the count of 3, I plunged underwater in a ball and blew all of my air out. And I mean ALL of my air. I was told that anything that makes me buoyant – air, fat, et cetera, would be read as fat, and so in order to get the most accurate reading, I had to push out as much air as I could.
Result: 12.5 pounds of fat, or 10 percent body fat and about 110 pounds of muscle, bone, organs, and so on. This might sound good, but it’s something that many female endurance runners need to be concerned about. Here’s why: sports medicine experts recommend women have body fat of 12-20 percent. I’m too far below that and that’s something I have to address in order to be healthy, look my best and be a good runner.
Then, the lactate profile, the KCals per hour measurement (how many calories I burn per hour at different paces) and the 2-d running gait analysis (they looked at my running form). For all of this, I jumped on a treadmill. For the first three intervals, the team had me wear a mask that measured my oxygen intake and CO2 output to measure how many calories I was burning at first a 9:21 minute/mile pace, then a 9:04 pace, then an 8:42 pace. I did seven 3.5 minute long intervals in all of increasing speed, beginning at a 9:21 pace and ending at a 7:04 pace. In between each interval, Terry Dupler, Ph.D., the director of the Human Performance Lab, took blood from a finger to measure my body’s lactate production. The harder you work, the more lactate you release into your bloodstream and the lactate profile measures exactly where your body begins to work hard and where it begins to work very hard and where it begins to work too hard.
The result: I burn 705 calories an hour at an 8:42 pace. And if I want to qualify for the Boston Marathon, I’m going to have to do a lot more of my miles at that 8:42 pace… and a lot more speedwork at the excruciatingly uncomfortable 7:04 pace (I top out in lactate production at that pace.)
They also videotaped me running on the treadmill to take a slow-motion look at my gait. Analysis: Pretty good. I land on my forefoot; I land with my calf and foot right underneath the knee; I run very upright. On the downside, my calf muscles take a beating and I drop my hip a little at each stride and that makes a tiny little muscle called the piriformis sore, because it’s working harder than it’s supposed to.
To fix that, Anthony Falcone showed me some exercises on a stabilizer ball and showed me how to foam roll sore muscles and tendons.
Then it was back to a sit-down with nutritionist Penny Wilson again. This is when she explained what my resting metabolic rate is (again, that 1700 calories burned on the days I do absolutely nothing.) I had emailed her this three day food log:
Saturday
7:30 am – one piece of whole grain toast, buttered, with Sarabeth’s blueberry-cherry preserves. Coffee. Felt hungry with a stomachache before, satisfied afterwards.
8:30am – iced grande Americano with cream and Equal
9:45 am – banana. 1 donut. 1 kolache. Felt full after banana, felt pressured to eat kolache and donut, felt too full afterwards.
11:30 am – Lean Cuisine meat lasagna
3pm – large organic apple (Felt a little hungry before, felt fine afterwards.)
6:30 pm – Amy’s palak paneer meal (Indian; spinach with cheese, beans, steamed rice), 1 slice pumpkin pie. (felt hungry before, felt satisfied afterwards.)
Sunday
5am – Coffee. Buttered whole grain toast with Sarabeth’s blueberry-cherry preserves. (felt hungry before)
5:45 – second coffee. One bottle of cherry-lime Propel Zero.
6:30 am – one Cherry lime Gu
7am-7:45 – ran first leg of the Metric Marathon Relay. 8 min pace for nearly six miles, 70 degrees and humid. Drank maybe two mouthfuls of water at mile 2 or so.
8am – one banana, one bottle of water (more thirsty than hungry. Ate because I’m “supposed to”) 10am – iced grande Americano with cream and Equal
10:30am - two scrambled eggs (felt sick with hunger, craved protein, felt a lot better afterwards.)
11:45 – Panini – two slices of rosemary bread with smoked turkey, provolone and slices of apple, crisped with olive oil on panini maker. Kettle cooked potato chips.
2:30 – slice of pumpkin bread
4:30 – slice of pumpkin bread
6:30 – Lean Cuisine chicken and broccoli fettuccine, slice of cake, diet Coke
Monday
8:45am – Coffee, one slice of buttered whole grain toast with Sarabeth’s blueberry-cherry preserves.
10:15am –Chobani mango yogurt.
10:45am – iced grande Americano with cream and Equal
12pm – chicken with steamed vegetables and rice with a ginger-jalapeno broth-like sauce. One fried veggie egg roll. Diet Coke.
3pm – large organic apple
6pm –diet Coke
8pm, slices of pesto provolone cheese, smoked ham, one tortilla, a slice of pumpkin pie (homemade – pumpkin, condensed milk, eggs, graham cracker crust.)
But Wilson had some concerns that I am addressing. I need to eat more. Even though I am taking in something every two to three hours, I’m apparently only consuming about 1600 calories a day. Add that to my energy output – imagine anywhere from 350 to 1400 extra calories burned a day on top of my resting metabolic rate of 1700 calories a day, and I am facing the same issues many female endurance athletes face – not fueling enough.
My goal now is to eat more – to give my body the calories it needs to work, run and play. She also said my body composition of 10 percent fat was a little too low – 12 to 20 percent is ideal for women and that it can contribute to health issues like bone loss.
This shouldn’t be a problem because I’m eating more – and taking a calcium supplement.
She encouraged me to take in more calories – starting first with switching my iced Americano with a latte, taking my calorie intake on my espresso-drink habit from a mere 30 calories to 150 calories a pop. She also encouraged me to try to eat more, which may be a challenge given time constraints and given the fact that I get full very very easily.
So, it’s a couple of days later and I have bought a foam roller and a stabilizing ball. I’m drinking a tall nonfat gingerbread latte, light whip please, instead of my customary iced grande Americano with cream in the morning. I’m trying to eat a little more. And I’m running a little faster. The human performance tests were eye-opening – I found out a lot that I didn’t realize. And now it’s going to help me eat more so I can perform better, not just in the marathon, but in life too.

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